A fastener or fastening is a hardware device that mechanically joins or affixes two or more objects together. In general, fasteners are used to create non-permanent joints; that is, joints that can be removed or dismantled without damaging the joining components. Welding is an example of creating permanent joints. The most common types are the screw, nut and bolt, possibly involving washers. Other more specialized types of threaded fasteners include captive threaded fasteners, stud, threaded inserts, and threaded rods.

A flange is a projecting rim, ridge, or lip, often used to connect or join components in various mechanical and industrial applications. They are crucial for creating secure and often easily removable connections between pipes, valves, pumps, and other equipment.

Forged Fittings are used for associating or connecting pipes, pimps, valves & other equipments to create a piping system below the size of 2 or 4 inches in diameter. There are mainly two types of forged fittings called socket-weld fittings which are connected to pipes by fillet welds and second one is threaded fittings in which the pipe is screwed onto the fittings. Forged Fitting joints are made by bolting together two Forged fittings with a gasket between them to give a seal.